Axtell, J. (1988). After Columbus: Essays in the ethnohistory of colonial North America. New York: Oxford University Press.

Banks, J. (1984). Teaching strategies for ethnic studies. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Camarillo, A. (1979). Chicanos in a changing society: From Mexican pueblos to American barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848-1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Cardenas, J. (1997). My Spanish-speaking left foot. San Antonio, TX: Intercultural and Development and Research Association.

Catalano, J., & Stotsky, S. (Eds.). (1997). The immigrant experience: The Mexican Americans. New York: Chelsea House.

Cordova, F. (1983). Filipinos, forgotten Asian Americans: A pictorial essay, 1763-circa 1963. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

Brown, D. (1970). Bury my heart at wounded knee: An Indian history of the American West. New York: Bantam Books.

Galarza, E. (1986). Barrio boy: The story of a boy’s acculturation. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

Howe, I. (1983). World of our fathers: The journey of the East European Jews to America and the life they found and made. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.

Ichioka, Y. (1988). The Issei: The world of the first generation Japanese immigrants. New York: Free Press.

Jacobs, H. (1987; originally published in 1857). Incidents in the life of a slave girl, written by herself. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Miller, K. (1985). Emigrants and exiles: Ireland and the Irish exodus to North America. New York: Oxford University Press.

Sowell, T. (1981). Ethnic America: A history. New York: Basic Books.

Suro, R. (1998). Strangers among us: How Latino immigration is transforming America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

Takaki, R. (1993). A different mirror: A history of multicultural America. Boston: Back Bay Books.

Takaki, R. (1979). Iron cages: Race and culture in nineteenth-century America. New York: Back Bay Books.

Ungar, S. (1995). Fresh blood: The new American immigrants. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Zinn, H. (1995). A people’s history of the United States: 1492-present. New York: Harper Perennial.

Training culturally sensitive and culturally competent educators.

Multicultural competence is a major shift in thought processes, not merely the result of taking a course or two:
Bay, R. (1972). Reeducating teachers for cultural awareness. New York: Praeger..
Gonzalez, J., & Darling-Hammond, L. (1997). New concepts for new challenges: Professional development for teachers of immigrant students. McHenry, IL: Delta Systems.
King, J., et al. (Eds.). (1997). Preparing teachers for cultural diversity. New York: Teachers College Press.
Kohls, L. (1994). Developing intercultural awareness: A cross-cultural training handbook. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Larkin, J., & Sleeter, C. (1995). Developing multicultural teacher education curricula. Albany, New York: State University of New York.
Lynch, E., & Hanson, M. (1992). Developing cross-cultural competence: A guide for working with young children and their families. Baltimore: Brookes.
Nuttall, E., Sanchez, W., & Webber, J. (1995). Multicultural counseling theory: Implications for training. In D. Sue, A. Ivey, & P. Pedersen (Eds.), A theory of multicultural counseling and therapy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Olsen, L. (1997). Made in America: Immigrant students in our public schools. New York: The New Press.
Pusch, M. (Ed.). (1979). Multicultural education: A cross-cultural training approach. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Schmidt, V., & McNeil, E. (1978). Cultural awareness: A resource bibliography. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.
Spindler, G., & Spindler, L. (1994). Pathways to cultural awareness: Cultural therapy with teachers and students. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Understanding each child within the context of her or his own culture.

Integrating cultural issues into teaching techniques:
Bronfenbrenner, E. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Dodd, C. (1995). Dynamics of intercultural communication. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
Gaston, J. (1984). Cultural awareness teaching techniques. Brattleboro, VT: Pro Lingua Associates.
Knoff, H. (1986). The assessment of child and adolescent personality. New York: Guilford Press.
Lee, C. (1995). School counseling and cultural diversity: A framework for effective practice. In C. Lee (Ed.), Counseling for diversity: A guide for school counselors and related professionals (pp. 3-17). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Lustig, M., & Koester, J. (1996). Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication across cultures. New York: Harper Collins College.
Samovar, L., Porter, R., & Stefani, L. (1998). Communication between cultures. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Culturally sensitive assessment and treatment strategies.

Examines cultural features in assessment—sociocultural context of the student and sociocultural background of the examiner, including biases and stereotypes—and the selection of testing, interview, and survey instruments:
Facundo, A., Nuttall, E., & Walton, J. (1994). Culturally sensitive assessment in schools. In P. Pederson & J. Carey (Eds.), Multicultural counseling in schools: A practical handbook. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Goodwin, A. (1997). Assessment for equity and inclusion: Embracing all our children. New York: Routledge.
Nuttall, E., Sanchez, W., Borras, L., Nuttall, R., & Varvogli, L. (1996). Assessment of the culturally and linguistically different child with emotional problems. In M. Breen & J. Fiedler-Craig (Eds.), Behavioral approaches to the assessment of emotionally disturbed youth: A handbook for school based practitioners. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
Paniagua, F. (1994). Assessing and rating culturally diverse clients: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sugai, G., & Maheady, L. (1988). Cultural diversity and individual assessment for behavior disorders. Teaching Exceptional Children, 21(1), 28-31.

Emphasizing the assessment of problem-solving abilities rather than formal knowledge and skills:
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
Maker, C., Nielson, A., & Rogers, J. (1994, Fall). Giftedness, diversity, and problem-solving. Teaching Exceptional Children, 27(1), 4-19.

Incorporating issues of culture and social context in intervention strategies:
Gratz, E., & Pulley, J. (1984). A gifted and talented program for migrant students. Roeper Review, 6(3), 147-149.
Jackson, M. (1995). Counseling youth of Arab ancestry. In C. Lee (Ed.), Counseling for diversity: A guide for school counselors and related professionals. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Poplin, M., & Wright, P. (1983). The concept of cultural pluralism: Issues in special education. Learning and Disability Quarterly, 6(4), 367-372.
Thomason, T. (1995). Counseling Native American students. In C. Lee (Ed.), Counseling for diversity: A guide for school counselors and related professionals. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Vasques, J. (1988). Contexts of learning for minority students. The Educational Forum, 6(6) 243-253.
Yagi, D., & Oh, M. (1995). Counseling Asian American students. In C. Lee (Ed.), Counseling for diversity: A guide for school counselors and related professionals. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Zapata, J. (1995). Counseling Hispanic children and youth. In C. Lee (Ed.), Counseling for diversity: A guide for school counselors and related professionals. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Training students to be culturally sensitive.

Examples of a total curriculum developed to help students increase self-awareness, acceptance, and appreciation of self and others:
Li, C. (1993, April). Psychological intervention in the classroom: An experimental program. Paper presented at the convention of the National Association of School Psychologists, Washington, DC.
Li, C. (1994, March). Psychoeducational program in regular and special classrooms. Paper presented at the convention of the National Association of School Psychologists, Seattle, WA.

Development of awareness and cultural sensitivity:
Omizo, M., & D’Andrea, M. (1995). Multicultural classroom guidance. In C. Lee (Ed.), Counseling for diversity: A guide for school counselors and related professionals. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Ponterotto, J., & Pedersen, P. (1993). Preventing prejudice: A guide for counselors and educators. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Involving parents and community in education.

All school staff need to involve parents and community members to create a truly multicultural learning environment:
Sanches, W., et al. (1995). Working with Diverse Learners and School Staff in a Multicultural Society. Greensboro, NC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 390 018)
Comer, J., & Haynes, N. (1991, January). Parent involvement in schools: An ecological approach. Elementary School Journal, 91(3), 271-277.
Espinosa, L. (1995). Hispanic parent involvement in early childhood programs. Urbana, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 397 993)
Epstein, J. (1992). School and family partnerships. In M. Alkin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Research (6th ed.). New York: MacMillan.
Nicolau, S., & Ramos, C. (1990). Together is better: Building strong relationships between schools and Hispanic parents. New York: Hispanic Development Project. [Also available in Spanish as an ERIC Digest. La participación de los padres en los programas preescolares.] Urbana, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementaryand Early Childhood Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 397 993; English version ED 382 412)
Swick, K., et al. (1995, March). Family involvement in early multicultural learning. ERIC Digest. Urbana, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 380 240)
Swick, K., et al. (1994). Multicultural learning through family involvement. Dimensions of Early Childhood, 22(4, Summer), 17-21.

Developing newcomer programs.

Newcomer programs can serve as effective means for facilitating immigrant students’ success.
Chang, H., (1990). Newcomer programs: Innovative efforts to meet the educational challenges of immigrant students. San Francisco, CA: California Tomorrow.
Friedlander, M. (1991, Fall). The newcomer program: Helping immigrant students succeed in U.S. schools. Program Information Guide Series, 8. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. Also available online at http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/ncbepubs/pigs/pig8.htm. (Includes sample curricula and a checklist of considerations in developing a newcomer program.)

The following book provides readings on various aspects of multicultural education and what it means to teachers who have worked with multicultural and diversity issues:
Wurzel, J. (1988). Toward multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

The following books provide a starting point for school district planners and administrators to support multicultural educational efforts in the K-12 classroom:
Baker, G. (1983). Planning and organizing for multicultural instruction. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Davidman, L., & Davidman, P. (1997). Teaching with a multicultural perspective. New York: Longman.

The following materials deal more directly with classroom teaching, focusing on lesson plans and integrating multicultural lessons into traditional subject areas. These materials provide a starting place for developing multicultural curricula:

Adams, M., Bell, A., & Griffin, P. (1997). Teaching for diversity and social justice. New York: Routledge.

Banks, J. (1997). Educating citizens in a multicultural society. New York: Columbia University Teachers College.

Cahan, S., & Kocur, Z. (1996). Contemporary art and multicultural education. New York: The New Museum of Contemporary Art.

Carson, D., & Friedman, L. (1995). Shared differences: Multicultural media and practical pedagogy. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Cordeiro, P., Reagan, T., & Martinez, L. (1994). Multiculturalism and TQE (Total Quality Education): Addressing cultural diversity in schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Day, F. (1994). Multicultural voices in contemporary literature: A resource for teachers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

DeCou-Landberg, M. (1994). The global classroom. A thematic multicultural model for the K-6 and ESL classroom (Vols. 1-2). New York: Addison-Wesley.

De Meléndez, W., & Ostertag, V. (1997). Teaching young children in multicultural classrooms: Issues, concepts, and strategies. Albany, New York: Delmar.

Dentler, R., & Hafer, A. (1997). Hosting newcomers: Structuring educational opportunities for immigrant children. New York: Teachers College Press.

Faltis, C. (1993). Joinfostering: Adapting teaching strategies for the multilingual classroom. New York: Maximillan.

Finazzo, D. (1996). All for the children: Multicultural essentials of literature. Albany, NY: Delman.

Goldberg, M. (1997). Arts and learning: An integrated approach to teaching and learning in multicultural and multilingual settings. New York: Longman.

Gorder, C. (1995). Multicultural education: A resource guide. Tempe, AZ: Blue Bird.

Grant, C., & Gomez, M. (1996). Making schooling multicultural: Campus and classroom. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Grevious, S. (1993). Ready to use multicultural activities for primary children. West Nyack, New York: The Center for Applied Research in Education.

Johnson, L., & Smith, S. (1993). Dealing with diversity through multicultural fiction: Library-classroom partnerships. Chicago: American Library Association.

Kepler, P., Sarno-Rayse, B., & Kepler, J. (1996). Themes for cross-cultural understanding: Windows to the world (grades 4–8). Glenview, IL: Goodyear Books.

King, L. (1994). Hearing my voice bibliography: An annotated guide to multicultural literature from the United States (grade 6–adult). New York: Addison-Wesley.

King, L. (Ed.). (1994). Hearing my voice: A multicultural anthology of literature from the United States. New York: Addison-Wesley.

Miramontes, O., et al. (1997). Restructuring schools for linguistic diversity: Linking decision making to effective practice. New York: Teachers College Press.

Perry, T., & Fraser, J. (1993). Freedom’s plow: Teaching in the multicultural classroom. New York: Routledge.

Reissman, R. (1994). The evolving multicultural classroom. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Seelye, H. (Ed.). (1997). Experiential activities for intercultural learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Storti, C. (1994). Cross-cultural dialogues: 74 brief encounters with cultural difference. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Wannamaker, H. (1996). Ready to use multicultural activities for the American history classroom: Four centuries of diversity from the 1600s to the present. West Nyack, NY: The Center for Applied Research in Education.

As with any resource list, some organizations will dissolve while others form; some will change address and phone number, while others may have been overlooked. Nevertheless, the following lists were accurate at the time of publication. Use them as starting points to discover the wealth of cultural resources available across the nation and within any given community.

Following are some major national and regional advocacy organizations for immigrants and immigrant rights:

American Civil Liberties Union: Immigrants Rights Project. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is devoted to protecting and defending the basic civil liberties of all Americans, and extending those rights to groups traditionally denied them. The Immigrants Rights Project, established in 1985, is one of the nation’s leading advocates for the rights of immigrants, refugees, and noncitizens. 125 Broad Street, New York, NY 10004-2400, (212) 549-2500. Internet: www.aclu.org.

Human Rights Watch. "The Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world…[and stands] with victims and advocates to prevent discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice" (from Internet home page). The nearest regional office is located at 333 South Grand Avenue #430, Los Angeles, CA 90071, (213) 680-9906. Internet: www.hrw.org.

International Resource Guide. This guide lists a wide variety of international organizations and trade groups. It may be useful in identifying individuals and organizations to help in translation and cultural interpretation. City of Portland, Office of International Relations, 1220 S.W. 5th, Portland, Oregon, 97204, (503) 823-4572.

Migration Dialogue: Migration News. Migration Dialogue, a project of the University of California-Davis, provides timely information on research and developments pertaining to migration and integration issues. Migration News summarizes the most salient developments of the preceding month. Internet: www.migration.ucdavis.edu.

National Coalition of Advocates for Students (NCAS), The Clearinghouse for Immigrant Education (CHIME). Facilitates public access to literature, research, teaching materials, and human resources to improve the education of immigrant students. 100 Boylston Street, Suite 737, Boston, MA 02116, (800) 441-7192 or (617) 357-8507.

National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. The National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights provides, analyzes, and shares information; educates communities and the general public; and develops and coordinates plans of action on important immigrant and refugee issues. Internet: www.nnirr.org/nnirr/index.html.

Northwest Coalition Against Malicious Harassment (NWC). "The NWC works to foster communities free from malicious harassment, violence, and bigotry based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and national origin and ancestry (ethnicity)" (from NWC Mission Statement). P.O. Box 16776, Seattle, WA 98116, (206) 233-9136. Internet: www.nwb.net/nwc.

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC): Teaching Tolerance. SPLC is a nonprofit organization that combats intolerance and discrimination through education and litigation. Teaching Tolerance is a national education project that aims to help teachers foster equity, respect, and understanding in the classroom and beyond. The project provides classroom resources and teaching kits for integrating tolerance into curricula and instructional practices. Teaching Tolerance, 400 Washington Avenue, Montgomery, AL 36104, (334) 264-0286. Internet: www.splcenter.org.

This list of community resources is intended as a starting point for making contacts with members of various immigrant communities who may provide a variety of resources for K-12 educators. Members of these organizations may be willing to serve in various capacities:
As cultural interpreters, to help educators gain familiarity and competency in that culture
As translators, to help newcomer families with interviews and meetings at school
As resources in the development of multicultural curricula

A sampling of organizations arranged in alphabetical order is provided for Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.

Alaska

Alaska Legal Services Corporation. 1016 West 6th Avenue, Anchorage,

AK 99501, (907) 272-9431. Referral services for legal residents only.

Catholic Social Services. Immigration and Refugee Program. 3710 E. 20th Avenue, Anchorage, AK 99508, (907) 276-5590

Juneau Filipino Community, 251 South Franklin St., Juneau, AK 99801, (907) 586-4116. A federation of Filipinos living in southeastern Alaska.

Idaho

Idaho Commission on Hispanic Affairs, 5460 W. Jefferson, Suite B, Boise ID 83705, (208) 334-4222.

Idaho Migrant Council, Inc., 104 N. Kimball, P.O. Box 490, Caldwell, ID 83606, (208) 454-1652. Assists migrant farm workers mainly in developing skills for year-round employment in fields other than farm work, but they also make short-term service referrals.

Idaho Volunteer Lawyers Program. P.O. Box 895, Boise, ID 83701, (208) 334-4510; toll-free within Idaho, (800) 221-3295.

Literacy Lab, Inc. 715 S. Capitol Blvd, Suite 403, Boise, ID 83702, (208) 334-1335; fax (208) 334-1171. Provides individualized literacy and ESL programs for adults and children.

Mountain States Refugee Programs, 1607 W. Jefferson St., Boise, ID 83702, (208) 336-4222; fax (208) 336-0880. Provides assistance in applying for benefits; also provides educational services, including ESL for employment-age refugees, ESL for the elderly, citizenship classes, and cultural, legal, and employment orientation classes.

Salud Y Provecho, 6015 S. Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID 83605, (208) 587-5150. Provides drug and alcohol and mental-health counseling and services.

Oregon

Asian Family Center, 4424 NE Glisan St., Portland, OR 97213, (503) 235-9396. A social service agency that provides case management, behavioral counseling, and youth services.

The Asian Reporter, 922 N. Killingsworth St., Suite 1-A, Portland, OR 97217, (503) 283-4440; fax (503) 283-4445. English-language weekly newspaper covering a broad range of news items relating to Asian Americans.

Association for Communal Harmony in Asia, 831 Lancaster Dr. N.E. #214, Salem, OR 97301, (503) 362-4635. Brings together South Asians with the goal of promoting harmony; organizes conference, lectures, and get-togethers.

Cambodian Association, 1136 17th St. N.E., Salem, OR 97301, (503) 585-6335.

Center for Asian and Pacific Studies, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1246, (541) 346-5087; fax (541) 346-0802, Internet address: http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~caps/. Center faculty engage in teaching and research on the peoples, histories, languages, cultural traditions, and economies of East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. The center organizes seminars and workshops to inform the community about major trends and developments in the Asia-Pacific region.

Chinese American Citizens Alliance, 2035 N.W. Overton, Portland, OR 97209, (503) 224-4082. A 102-year-old civil rights organization dedicated to pursuing equal rights for Chinese Americans. Locally concentrated on youth activities, including a basketball program for girls and boys, and scholarships.

Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association and Chinese Language School, 315 N.W. Davis, Portland, OR 97209, (503) 223-9070. Helps Chinese Americans in the Portland area.

Chinese Service Center, 4937 S.E. Woodstock Blvd., Portland, OR 97206, (503) 771-7977. A social service agency serving Chinese immigrants which provides a variety of services to help Chinese Americans in the Portland area and employs a bilingual, bicultural staff.

El Centro Cultural, P.O. Box 708, Cornelius, OR 97113, (503) 359-0446. Provides information and referral services, a hot lunch program, ESL classes, leadership development, and a community center where migrant workers can meet.

El Hispanic News, 2130 S.W. 5th Ave., Portland, OR 97201, (503) 228-3139. El Hispanic News is a weekly newspaper in Spanish and English covering news and events in Oregon and Washington.

Filipino American Association of Portland, 8917 S.E. Stark St., Portland, OR 97216, (503) 253-7636; fax (503) 228-3384; e-mail: hispnews@hispnews.com. Nonprofit organization provides cultural support, referral services, and fundraising activities for members.

Indochinese Socialization Center, 1032 S.E. 35th Ave., Portland, OR 97214, (503) 239-0132. Provides socialization, rehabilitation, job training and beginning English classes for disabled Indochinese refugees.

International Refugee Center of Oregon (IRCO). 1336 E. Burnside, Portland, OR 97214, (503) 234-1541. Since 1976, IRCO has specialized in providing resettlement services to refugees and immigrants in the Portland metropolitan area.

Korean Society of Oregon, 7650 S.W. 81st Ave., Portland, OR 97223, (503) 977-2617. Provides Korean culture and services for local Korean community; provides education for second-generation Koreans, including Korean Language School.

Lutheran Family Services, Multicultural/Refugee Services, 605 S.E. 39th Ave., Portland, OR 97214, (503) 233-0042, fax 233-0667. Provides refugee resettlement program services, including sponsorship, education, clerical assistance, and counseling regarding the immigration process.

Northwest China Council, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, (503) 725-4567. A nonprofit educational organization dedicated to understanding and awareness of Chinese culture, the history and situation of the Chinese in America, contemporary affairs, and business.

Northwest Seasonal Workers Association, 203 N. Oakdale Ave., Medford, OR 97501, (541) 773-6811. An organizing drive of seasonal workers that helps families with advocacy and emergency services.

Oregon Commission on Hispanic Affairs, 400 Public Service Building, Salem, OR 97310, (503) 378-3725. A state agency that monitors the status of Latinos in Oregon and develops or suggests programs and activities.

Oregon Council for Hispanic Advancement, 108 N.W. 9th Ave. Suite 201, Portland, OR 97209, (503) 228-4131. Provides leadership for educational opportunity, economic development, and social justice for Latinos in Oregon and southwest Washington.

Philippine American Association, 2092 Roland Way, Eugene, OR 97401, (541) 342-3419. Community organization dedicated to preserving Filipino culture and traditions. Publishes a directory of Filipino community members.

Rogue Valley Hispanic Anglo Coalition, 725 S. Central Ave., Medford, OR 97501, (541) 779-7669. Provides referral services and advocacy and sponsors cultural and other events to meet the needs of Latinos.

Russian Oregon Social Services Center, 4033 S.E. Woodstock Blvd., Portland, OR 97202, (503) 777-3437. Assists recent and established Russian immigrants in the Portland metropolitan and southwestern Washington area. Provides English as a second language instruction, and citizenship and nutrition classes; helps with landlord/tenant agreements, insurance, and driver licensing; and provides translation and interpretation services.

SOAR, 5404 N.E. Alameda, Portland, OR 97213, (503) 284-3002; e-mail: soar@teleport.com. Finds sponsors for refugees, provides referrals to other agencies, and provides counseling, education, and advocacy services. SOAR has resettled over 800 refugees in the Portland areas as of 1998.

Washington

Cambodian Association, 3914 N.E. 129th, Vancouver, WA 98662, (360) 253-5014.

Cambodian Association, P.O. Box 28695, Seattle, WA 98118, or 2809 26th St., Seattle, WA 98144. Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs, 1210 Eastside St., P.O. Box 40925, Olympia, WA 98504, (360) 753-7053.

East Asia Resource Center, School of International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, (206) 543-1921. Provides resources to K-12 teachers about Asia.

Hispanic Immigration Program, 909 8th Ave., Seattle, WA 98104, (206) 587-6511. Represents immigrants on legal issues, and conducts community education and training, primarily for Latinos in western Washington.

Indochina Chinese Refugee Association, 410 7th Ave. South, Seattle, WA 98104, (206) 625-9955. Provides assistance to Indochinese refugees in the Seattle area.

Korean American Society of Tacoma, 9312 S. Tacoma Way, Suite 20, Tacoma, WA 98499, (253) 582-5478. Serves the social and cultural needs of the Korean community in the Tacoma area and opens many activities to all to help develop a better understanding of Korean culture.

Korean Women’s Association, 125 E. 96th St., Tacoma, WA 98445,(253) 535-4202. A multilingual, bilingual, community service agency.

Northwest Immigrant Rights Project, 909 8th Ave., Seattle, WA 98104, (206) 587-4009; toll free (800) 445-5771. Serves all nationalities.

Northwest Regional Office for Hispanic Affairs, 520 S.W Harrison St., Suite 440, Yakima, WA 98908, (509) 965-7127. Serves Hispanics in the Northwest, sponsored by the Catholic Church.

Program of American Ethnic Studies Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, (206) 543-5401. Provides teaching, counseling, and research services.

Radio KDNA/Project Centro Campesino, P.O. Box 800, Granger, WA 98932, (509) 854-1900. The project is an educational and outreach activity of this radio station focusing on migrant workers and their needs.

Seattle El Centro de la Raza, 2524 16th Ave. South, Seattle, WA 98144,(206) 329-9442. Provides social services, focusing on programs for job training and economic development.

Seattle Filipino Community, 5740 Martin Luther King Jr. Way South, Seattle, WA 98118, (206) 722-9372. Sponsors programs and activities to meet the needs of Filipino Americans in the area.

Tacoma Hispanic Community, 4520 McKinley Ave. East, Tacoma, WA 98404, (253) 472-0477. A community group sponsored by Sacred Heart Catholic Church.

Vancouver Cambodian Association, 5012 Murry Ct., Vancouver, WA 98661, (360) 699-0263. Provides various services to help Cambodians in the Vancouver area.

Washington State Commission on Asian Pacific Affairs, 1210 Eastside St., P.O. Box 40955, Olympia, WA 98504, (360) 753-7053. Promotes the well-being of Asian-Pacific Americans by ensuring their access to and participation in the fields of government, business, and education and by helping them obtain government services.

Washington State Commission on Asian Pacific Affairs, 501 S. Jackson, Suite 301, Seattle, WA 98104, (206) 464-5820. Promotes the well-being of Asian-Pacific Americans by ensuring their access to and participation in the fields of government, business, and education and by helping them obtain government services.

Washington State Commission on Hispanic Affairs, 1210 Eastside St., 1st Floor, P.O. Box 40924, Olympia, WA 98504, (360) 753-3159; fax (360) 753-0199; e-mail: hispanic@halcyon.com. Provides referral services to the community and policy advisement to the Governor’s Office and Washington State Legislature.

Washington Korean Association, 1200 S. Angelo St., Seattle, WA 98108, (206) 767-8071. Links the interests of Korean communities in the Seattle area.

The Internet also provides a wealth of information on immigration and immigration-related educational issues. Below is a sampling of resources that can be found on the Internet at publication time:

The American Immigration Home Page started as a school project for a 10th- grade American History class. It provides links to information on how immigrants are treated, why they came to the United States, existing opportunities for immigrants, how immigrants have acculturated to life in the United States, and how U.S. immigration law has changed over time. Internet: http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/Immigration/index.html

Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) applies research information about language and culture to educational, cultural, and social concerns. 1118 22nd St. N.W., Washington, DC 20037-1214, (202) 429-9292. Internet: http://www.cal.org.

Educational Experiences of Newcomer Students is a page on the National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education Website. It has links to further references on educational issues immigrant students often face. Internet: http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/pathways/immigration/

ERIC Clearinghouse on Language and Linguistics contains a long list of articles relating to language learning, using resources from within language- minority communities, model programs, and integrating world language learning with other subject-matter classes. Internet: http://www.cal.org/ericcll/digest/

History/Social Studies Web Site for K-12 Teachers encourages the use of the Internet as a tool for learning and teaching. Internet links of particular interest include:
Migration and immigration sources: http://home.earthlink.net/~dboals1/diversit.html.
Asian American sources: http://home.earthlink.net/~dboals1/asia-afr.html.
Latino sources: http://home.earthlink.net/~dboals1/nativam.html
Nonwestern history site: http://www.execpc.com/~dboals/hist.html

Immigration and Naturalization Laws and Regulations is a Web site of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. It contains a database of relevant laws that could be downloaded for off-line reading. Internet: http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/graphics/lawsregs/index.htm

The Immigrant Experience is a CD-ROM with a wide selection of primary sources that relate to varied cycles of immigration in U.S. history, and the immigrant’s role in the development of the nation. It covers prehistoric migrations of American Indians, European colonization, forced immigration through the slave trade, and asylum for refugees. Internet: http://www.thomson.com:9966/psmedia/journey.html

Immigration Forum contains links to articles on various aspects of immigration written by specialists in the field. This site aims to present a diverse set of viewpoints on the topic of immigration. Internet: http://heather.cs.ucdavis.edu/pub/Immigration/Index.html

Immigration Law Information links to a summary of the 1996 law and to discussions of how it affects immigrants, students, businesses, and physicians. Internet: http://www.twmlaw.com/resources/1996/1996cont.htm

National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning at the University of Santa Cruz contains a variety of resources on second-language learning and the teaching of ESL students. Internet: http://www.cal.org/Archive/projects/ncrcdsll.htm

National Clearinghouse on Bilingual Education is a site with a collection of resources relating to bilingual education and the effective education of linguistically and culturally diverse learnings in the United States. Internet: http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/

Newcomers: Language and Academic Programs for Recent Immigrants contains substantial resources and links on newcomer programs, immigrant education, language learning, and refugee issues. Internet: http://www.cal.org/crede/newcomer.htm

Other Refugee and Immigrant Resources is a page on the ERIC Web site that address specific needs of refugee and immigrant families, along with resources for including parents in the educational process. Internet: http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/families/refugees/

Overview of Pending Immigration Bills and Current Welfare Law provides up-to-the-date information on pending legislation. Internet: http://www.handsnet.org/handsnet2/welfare.reform/Articles/art.830287308.html

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is a site that addresses the issues facing refugees. Provides profiles of countries, among other information. Internet: http://www.unhcr.ch/

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